国别：中华人民共和国
型号/正式名称：空警
拼音编号：KJ
英文缩写：E
其他语言名称：空警E-2000早期警戒管制机（日语）
关联机种：空警E-200
类型：S（Airborne Wardrol System）
编辑本段]概述：
中国自行研制并正式列装中国空军的大型空中早期预警控制平台，搭载远程相控阵雷达（Prray Radar），采用伊尔76大型运输机作为载机，机上乘员10-15人（估）
编辑本段]媒体参考信息：
是以色列与俄罗斯联合研制的新型预警机，大致上可以认为是采用俄罗斯A50预警机平台，改装以色列航空电子系统的一种新型预警机。
据称我军最新型的预警机，与A50I关系密切。由于以色列在美国压力下未能向我国出售“费尔康”预警雷达系统，预计该机已改为使用我国自行研制的预警/指挥系统。注意雷达罩上极为特别的三角形标志。据外国新闻媒体报道称，1999年以色列在美国强大压力下虽停止向中国出售预警机，中国更于2002年主动中断从俄罗斯购买入价格和性能都不符要求的预警机，转而全力发展更先进的大型预警机。作为空军天字第一号的国家头号军事重点工程之一，它的重要性和被寄予的厚望，从被命名为“一号工程”中可见一斑，其技术也处于世界领先水平。据悉，“空警-2000”的雷达天线并不像美俄预警机一样是旋转的，相反它是固定不动的。这印证了“空警-2000”采用的，是比美俄领先一代的固态有源相控阵雷达，由于它只需以电子扫描进行俯仰和方位探测，所以不需要再采用落后的机械扫描转天线。
年，台湾“中央社”引述加拿大汉和情报评论杂志报道指出，以色列IAI公司原计划为中国大陆装配的首架A50I目前依然停留在特拉维夫，以色列官员保证不会将这架预警机交给印度。该飞机内部改装工作只完成了大约百分之六十，以色列内阁就正式决定取消这笔合同，飞机目前依然以原封不动的状态滞留地面，没有进一步改装，也没有进行任何工作。汉和的报导说，IAI今年一月与中国签署协定，出售两个价值一亿八千万美元的通讯卫星给中国，IAI透露，这一交易与A50I没有关系，按照合同，中国还将购入八个同型卫星。汉和引述IAI消息来源说，以色列政府赔偿完成之后，这架IAI便是以色列政府的财产。它有权决定如何处理。稍早之前，印度国防部长科技首席顾问在班加罗尔接受汉和记者访问时透露，印度已经同以色列就购买三架猎鹰预警机问题进行接触，首批三套雷达也将安装在Il76飞机上。印度官方背景的权威消息来源在新加坡对汉和记者说，这一谈判将在未来约六个月完成。目前的争执主要是价格问题。印度计划在二零零四年获得首架A50I预警机。若然，IAI是否会把原来为中国制造的那架A50I交付印度？IAI权威消息来源强调，首先，她们不再希望这一事件使中国大陆人伤心，以免进一步丧失未来中国大陆的市场。同时，在A50I问题上，IAI没有直接的经济损失，赔偿完成之后，它属于以色列政府而不是IAI的财产。其次，由于内部设备的某些变化，印度也不太可能希望直接廉价购入这架不能出售给中国的飞机。因此，IAI认为如何处理首架A50I，这是目前的大问题，也许将来可以寻找到不太刺激中国大陆的新顾客。“它肯定会停放在特拉维夫很久。”目前，IAI已经在作类似规划。IAI肯定，这架飞机的雷达设备不会以任何方式运往中国大陆.
从网络曝光的空警2000预警机图片来看，背负式雷达天线是不转动的，综合国外报道，雷达显然是固态有源相控阵。
固态有源相控阵形体庞大，结构复杂，需要解决一系列的技术难题，如射频组件、阵面电源、阵面冷却管道等。一般认为风冷天线比用液冷天线的重量大一倍，显然不可取。空警2000雷达的一个原始设计方案重量目标是9吨，使用液冷天线。液冷需要考虑二次冷却的问题，如果功率很大、单元数很多，二次冷却也会成为严重的问题。比如烧红的铁块放进一盆冷水里，水已经很烫手了，铁块还不能用手接触，显然是失败的冷却。空警2000雷达的一个原始设计方案采用了“组合单元式”液冷，在1000多个T/R组件与阵面电源的冷却点上，“将若干个收发组件组成一个组合单元，用冷板将其损耗的能量通过流经该冷板的冷却液带走，从而来确保满足T/R组件及前级功放正常工作时的散热要求。由于该雷达是低副瓣天线和相控阵体制，对各个组合单元的输出功率进行了加权处理，因此各个组合单元冷板要带走的热量也不尽相同，这就要求冷却液分配网络能够自适应地作相应的流量调节，以保证整个阵面T/R组件的温度趋于均匀、一致。”间接液冷指冷却液不与电子器件直接接触，电子器件装冷板上。热量自由对流，传导或辐射至冷板，冷板传给冷却液，冷却液将热量带走。国产防冻液没有找到资料，也许可以用俄国的乙二醇防冻液。组合单元组件的结构设计带来一个问题，T/R组件内部的元器件安装极其紧凑，只能采用强迫液冷。
固态有源相控阵雷达天线口径与工作频率直接相关，天线尺寸和重量控制同样重要，载机扛着太重的天线飞起来太累人。空警2000雷达的一个原始设计方案的天线反射体重量小于500kg，天线口径8.88m×1.54m。天线反射体材料有铝蜂窝夹层板与碳纤维复合材料，因为铝蜂窝夹层板技术更成熟，最有可能选中。蜂窝夹层板以铝蜂窝作为芯材，夹层板上下两面覆盖的铝蒙皮与芯材之间用胶粘结的“三明治”结构。
固态有源相控阵雷达T/R组件发射的功率在空间合成，通过增加天线阵面中的T/R组件数量增加雷达输出功率。一般来说固态有源相控阵雷达全寿命周期成本低，维修方便，具有高精度、多功能、高可靠性等性能优点。
以色列“费尔康”（，Phase Array L-band&formal，L波段共形相位阵列）预警机使用有源相控阵，机头一个直径2．9m的圆形阵列，前机身两侧各一个10 ×2m的长方形阵列，属于二坐标雷达。9100m高度飞行，战斗机探测距370km，直升机180km，可同时跟踪100个目标，引导20架飞机作战。向印度出口的预警机背负式，圆罩内配置等边三角形排列的3个阵面，每个阵面各扫描120°。印度版预警机和中国的空警2000形式一致了。
中国的空警2000利用了“后发优势”，采用固态有源相控阵雷达，美国虽然预警机没有此雷达，固态有源相控阵却上了战斗机，这比预警机上的雷达技术更先进。雷达是预警机的基础，核心却是信号处理、指挥控制等“软件”技术，让一架飞机背着雷达上天并不困难，如何使用雷达才是问题。空警2000进行技术储备的时候，中国和以色列为了预警机的买卖眉来眼去，显然这票流产的采购项目让中国获得关于预警机信号处理、指挥控制等方面的具体知识。
固态有源相控阵预警机有很多技术难题需要解决，对于已经上天的空警2000来说，时间会解决一切问题的。预警机早期雷达设计资料只是提供了解决问题的思路，并不表示空警2000就是这个样子
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